What each governs
- Latency: the round-trip time — governs "how responsive it feels", like time-to-first-byte and game input.
- Packet loss: the fraction of lost packets; loss triggers retransmits, felt as stutter and stalled loading.
- Bandwidth / speed: throughput per unit time — governs downloads and video bitrate.
Common combinations
- Low latency but slow speed → usually throttled bandwidth or a heavily loaded node.
- Normal latency but frequent stutter → check packet loss, poor line quality or peak-hour congestion.
- High latency → physical distance; switch to a closer node (e.g. Japan, Hong Kong).
Where to tune
With heavy loss, UDP-based Hysteria2 handles it well and is worth trying; for raw download speed, prioritize a high-bandwidth line.